An archaeological study has been going on in Urfa Göbeklitepe since 1995, which will enable us to rethink our knowledge about human history, change the established understanding of history and inquire into the history of religions. The building is known as the oldest and largest worship center in the history of Göbeklitepe dating back to 10000 BC. Göbeklitepe is 7000 years older than Stonehenge in England and 7500 years older than Egyptian pyramids. In addition, the cultivated plant representing the resident passion is found at the foothill of the wheat in Göbeklitepe. Thousand years after it was built, these temples, which were closed and buried by people, are coming back to daylight.
Göbeklitepe is located in Örencik village, 20 km north east of Şanlıurfa, about 300 meters wide and 15 meters high.
The Göbeklitepe belonging to the Neolithic turn is important in terms of being the center of the first belief and temple on earth . Approximately 20 temples have been identified in this area and only 6 temples so far have been brought to light.
Göbeklitepe is the oldest known artifact to this time and belongs to 7500 years old. The oldest known temple to the discovery is located in Malta and is only 5,000 years old. Göbeklitepe is 7000 years older than Stonehenge, 7500 years older than Egyptian pyramids...
In the period when Göbeklitepe was built, mankind was living in small groups collecting plants and hunting animals. It was probably the first time in history that people had to get together in such a crowded way that rocky regions, large columns and heavy stones could be brought to Göbeklitepe for 2 kilometers without handcarts and cargo animals.
From the paintings representing the hunting on the walls of the caverns, the animal figures are treated as a single and relief, which reflects a different understanding from an artistic point of view. There are scorpions, foxes, bulls, snakes, wild boar, lion, pike and wild crocodile figures on the stones. According to some archaeologists, these animal figures are described as symbols of different tribes visiting the temple.
It was discovered that the ancestor of wheat, which is an important cultural plant and has hundreds of genetic variations in the direction of the researches and findings obtained in the region, first grew up in the foothills of Göbeklitepe.
Archaeologists think that T-shaped columns, varying from 3 to 6 meters in length, are stylized human figures. Unlike the other figures reflected on the columns, the three-dimensional lion relief draws attention. These and other lion figures strengthen the possibility that lions have lived in Anatolia during the neolithic period. The weights of T-pillars representing people vary between 40 and 60 tonnes.
In 1983, Mahmut Kılıç, who was in the field, took the stone found in the field to the museum, but the work began to be exhibited at the Urfa Museum as an ordinary archaeological find. In 1963, the University of Istanbul and the University of Chicago conducted a joint study, examining the region but not focusing on its work.
In the chairmanship of Şanlıurfa Museum and Prof. Dr. Scientific consultation of Klaus Schmidt has begun excavations. In 2007, Klaus Schmidt was appointed as the head of the excavation.
In 2010, it was discovered that the human head sculpture, made of stone with a weight of 25-30 kilograms, of 40 centimeters in height, and animal figures on it, was stolen from the excavation site two days after it was removed.
The findings also show that the people of the stone monastery are drinking beer. The excavation has found six limestone carvings with the largest 160-liter capacity so far. Klaus Schmidt, in the light of the finds, human beings began to cultivate for beer, not for bread, but this also happened for the first time in Urfa.
Archaeologists point out that the floors of the temple remains are made in such a way that it does not pass the liquor. From here, the idea is that they have realized what their ceremonies are in the context of a fluid (blood, water, alcohol etc.), although it is not certain at this time.
Göbeklitepe also refutes the thesis that "the nomadic communities have learned the agriculture and have settled down", which has been taught in history lessons for years. It was thought that the settled passage of life occurred together with the emergence of farming and animal husbandry. According to Schmidt, the fate of the hunter and gatherer communities has been passed on as a result of constantly coming together in religious centers such as Göbeklitepe. Because of the desire to be close to the center of worship of crowded communities and the lack of sufficient resources to meet the needs of these communities in the periphery, people turned to agriculture. It is not the agriculture that brings life together, it is the desire to worship together.
Göbeklitepe was taken to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 2011.
Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt has lost his life-ending heart attack in Göbeklitepe.
1. Geographic location of Göbeklitepe
Göbeklitepe is located in Örencik village, 20 km north east of Şanlıurfa, about 300 meters wide and 15 meters high.
2. Göbeklitepe, the first and greatest temple of history
The Göbeklitepe belonging to the Neolithic turn is important in terms of being the center of the first belief and temple on earth . Approximately 20 temples have been identified in this area and only 6 temples so far have been brought to light.
3. 7500 years older than the oldest structure
Göbeklitepe is the oldest known artifact to this time and belongs to 7500 years old. The oldest known temple to the discovery is located in Malta and is only 5,000 years old. Göbeklitepe is 7000 years older than Stonehenge, 7500 years older than Egyptian pyramids...
4. Formation of the rocks and construction of the temple
In the period when Göbeklitepe was built, mankind was living in small groups collecting plants and hunting animals. It was probably the first time in history that people had to get together in such a crowded way that rocky regions, large columns and heavy stones could be brought to Göbeklitepe for 2 kilometers without handcarts and cargo animals.
5. From relief paintings on the walls of the cave to animal figures
From the paintings representing the hunting on the walls of the caverns, the animal figures are treated as a single and relief, which reflects a different understanding from an artistic point of view. There are scorpions, foxes, bulls, snakes, wild boar, lion, pike and wild crocodile figures on the stones. According to some archaeologists, these animal figures are described as symbols of different tribes visiting the temple.
6. Ancestor of wheat in Göbeklitepe
It was discovered that the ancestor of wheat, which is an important cultural plant and has hundreds of genetic variations in the direction of the researches and findings obtained in the region, first grew up in the foothills of Göbeklitepe.
7. 3D lion figure in T columns
Archaeologists think that T-shaped columns, varying from 3 to 6 meters in length, are stylized human figures. Unlike the other figures reflected on the columns, the three-dimensional lion relief draws attention. These and other lion figures strengthen the possibility that lions have lived in Anatolia during the neolithic period. The weights of T-pillars representing people vary between 40 and 60 tonnes.
8. Archaeological revolution with stone found by the farmer
In 1983, Mahmut Kılıç, who was in the field, took the stone found in the field to the museum, but the work began to be exhibited at the Urfa Museum as an ordinary archaeological find. In 1963, the University of Istanbul and the University of Chicago conducted a joint study, examining the region but not focusing on its work.
9. And the work starts in 1995
In the chairmanship of Şanlıurfa Museum and Prof. Dr. Scientific consultation of Klaus Schmidt has begun excavations. In 2007, Klaus Schmidt was appointed as the head of the excavation.
10. Historical theft in historical temple
In 2010, it was discovered that the human head sculpture, made of stone with a weight of 25-30 kilograms, of 40 centimeters in height, and animal figures on it, was stolen from the excavation site two days after it was removed.
11. Agriculture for beer
The findings also show that the people of the stone monastery are drinking beer. The excavation has found six limestone carvings with the largest 160-liter capacity so far. Klaus Schmidt, in the light of the finds, human beings began to cultivate for beer, not for bread, but this also happened for the first time in Urfa.
12. Ceremonies using liquid
Archaeologists point out that the floors of the temple remains are made in such a way that it does not pass the liquor. From here, the idea is that they have realized what their ceremonies are in the context of a fluid (blood, water, alcohol etc.), although it is not certain at this time.
13. Settled life not with agriculture but with temple
Göbeklitepe also refutes the thesis that "the nomadic communities have learned the agriculture and have settled down", which has been taught in history lessons for years. It was thought that the settled passage of life occurred together with the emergence of farming and animal husbandry. According to Schmidt, the fate of the hunter and gatherer communities has been passed on as a result of constantly coming together in religious centers such as Göbeklitepe. Because of the desire to be close to the center of worship of crowded communities and the lack of sufficient resources to meet the needs of these communities in the periphery, people turned to agriculture. It is not the agriculture that brings life together, it is the desire to worship together.
14. Göbeklitepe at the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Göbeklitepe was taken to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 2011.
Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt has lost his life-ending heart attack in Göbeklitepe.
"We discovered that one of the world's oldest worship centers was in this region with the findings we had in the Göbeklitepe excavations, but with recent excavations we have found that the worship center is the world's greatest worship center. . In our research, we have come to the conclusion that the people who lived in the Polished Stone Age did not domesticate their animals when we examined wild cattle, scorpions, foxes, snakes, lions, wild asses, wild goats and wild plant embosses. In addition, the images and reliefs on the stele (stel) give us insight into the art of the people who lived at that time. The temple here is characterized by being the largest known temple of the world " Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt
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